Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad
variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney …

Part I of this article discussed the potential functional importance of genetic mutations and
alleles of the human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) gene. The impact of CYP2D6 …

Many drug–drug interactions (DDI s) are based on alterations of the plasma concentrations
of a victim drug due to another drug causing inhibition and/or induction of the metabolism or …

Methadone is widely used for the treatment of opioid dependence. Although in most
countries the drug is administered as a racemic mixture of (R)-and (S)-methadone,(R) …

This article reviews the information available to assist pharmacokineticists in the prediction
of metabolic drug interactions. Significant advances in this area have been made in the last …

The application of pharmacogenetics holds great promise for individualized therapy.
However, it has little clinical reality at present, despite many claims. The main problem is that …

Background: The second-generation antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and other …

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have become the most prescribed
antidepressants in many countries. Although the SSRIs share a common mechanism of …

This article reviews the metabolic pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with the systemic
antifungal agents: the azoles ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole, the …

Currently, most guidelines on drug–drug interaction (DDI) neither consider the potential
effect of genetic polymorphism in the strength of the interaction nor do they account for the …