Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies
develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and …

The gastrointestinal tract maintains energy and glucose homeostasis, in part through
nutrient-sensing and subsequent signaling to the brain and other tissues. In this review, we …

Dieting is the most common approach to losing weight for the majority of obese and
overweight individuals. Restricting intake leads to weight loss in the short term, but, by itself …

Weight regain after weight loss is a substantial challenge in obesity therapeutics. Dieting
leads to significant adaptations in the homeostatic system that controls body weight, which …

This review's objective is to give a critical summary of studies that focused on physiologic
measures relating to subjectively rated appetite, actual food intake, or both. Biomarkers of …

Peripheral mechanisms in appetite regulation include the motor functions of the stomach,
such as the rate of emptying and accommodation, which convey symptoms of satiation to the …

Summary 1 Introduction 2 Physiological mechanisms of satiation and satiety 2.1
Physiological mechanisms of satiation 2.1. 1 Gastric mechanisms of satiation 2.1. 2 Intestinal …

With the rising prevalence of obesity and related health problems increases, there is
increased interest in the gastrointestinal system as a possible target for pharmacological or …

Background Upper small intestinal dietary lipids activate a gut-brain axis regulating energy
homeostasis. The prebiotic, oligofructose (OFS) improves body weight and adiposity during …

The gastrointestinal effects of intraluminal fats may be critically dependent on the chain
length of fatty acids released during lipolysis. We postulated that intraduodenal …