Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration often result from the aberrant deposition of
aggregated host proteins, including amyloid‐β, α‐synuclein, and prions, that can activate …

Ischemic stroke is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions
of people across the globe. Cell injury in the infarct region is an inevitable consequence of …

The skin barrier is the body's first line of defence against environmental assaults, and is
maintained by epithelial stem cells (EpSCs). Despite the vulnerability of EpSCs to …

As a result of ischemia or hemorrhage, blood supply to neurons is disrupted which
subsequently promotes a cascade of pathophysiological responses resulting in cell loss …

Opioid use for pain management has dramatically increased, with little assessment of
potential pathophysiological consequences for the primary pain condition. Here, a short …

Multi-protein complexes called inflammasomes have recently been identified and shown to
contribute to cell death in tissue injury. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an FDA …

Cytochrome c (Cytc) is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II
apoptosis. Mammalian Cytc also scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) under healthy …

Proteases or proteolytic enzymes form one of the largest and more important groups of
enzymes. Proteases selectively catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds and can be divided …

For a long time necrosis was considered as an alternative to programmed cell death,
apoptosis. Indeed, necrosis has distinct morphological features and it is accompanied by …

A form of cell death called apoptosis is a prominent feature in a broad spectrum of
neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from stroke to Huntington's disease. Hypoxia, toxic …