We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

A spectacular resurgence of interest in the topic of ocean wave/sea ice interactions has
unfolded over the last two decades, fueled primarily by the deleterious ramifications of …

Wind-waves have an important role in Earth system dynamics through air–sea interactions
and are key drivers of coastal and offshore hydro-morphodynamics that affect communities …

Sea state information is needed for many applications, ranging from safety at sea and on the
coast, for which real time data are essential, to planning and design needs for infrastructure …

Antarctic landfast sea ice (fast ice) is stationary sea ice that is attached to the coast,
grounded icebergs, ice shelves, or other protrusions on the continental shelf. Fast ice forms …

Sea state data are of major importance for climate studies, marine engineering, safety at sea
and coastal management. However, long-term sea state datasets are sparse and not always …

Despite enormous scientific and technological progress in numerical weather and climate
prediction, sea ice still remains unreliably predicted by models, both in short-term …

A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

Marginal ice zones (MIZs) are qualitatively distinct sea-ice-covered areas that play a critical
role in the interaction between the polar oceans and the broader Earth system. MIZ regions …

Wave and sea ice properties in the Arctic and Southern Oceans are linked by feedback
mechanisms, therefore the understanding of wave propagation in these regions is essential …