The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most
intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity …

Conservation priorities that are based on species distribution, endemism, and vulnerability
may underrepresent biologically unique species as well as their functional roles and …

Aim Biological invasions are major contributors to global change and native biodiversity
decline. However, they are overlooked in marine conservation plans. Here, we examine for …

Although extinctions due to climate change are still uncommon, they might surpass those
caused by habitat loss or overexploitation over the next few decades. Among marine …

Current methods in conservation planning for promoting the persistence of biodiversity
typically focus on either representing species geographic distributions or maintaining …

Protected areas not allowing extractive activities (here called fully protected area) are a
spatially explicit conservation management tool commonly used to ensure populations …

The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management,
conservation, and restoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal …

Global environmental goals mandate the expansion of the protected area network to halt
biodiversity loss. The European Union's Natura 2000 network covers 27.3% of the terrestrial …

Although coral reefs support the largest concentrations of marine biodiversity worldwide, the
extent to which the global system of marine-protected areas (MPAs) represents individual …

The global loss of biodiversity threatens unique biota and the functioning and services of
ecosystems essential for human wellbeing. To safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem …