A common mycorrhizal network (CMN) is formed when mycorrhizal fungal hyphae connect
the roots of multiple plants of the same or different species belowground. Recently, CMNs …

Trees acquire hydric and mineral soil resources through root mutualistic associations. In
most boreal, temperate and Mediterranean forests, these functions are realized by a …

In temperate mixed forests, dominant ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species usually coexist with
diverse arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) understorey tree species. Here, we investigated the …

The long-lived five-needle pines, Pinus flexilis (limber pine) and Pinus longaeva (Great
Basin bristlecone pine) can co-occur and may form symbiotic partnerships with the same …

Mycorrhizal mutualisms are nearly ubiquitous across plant communities. Yet, it is still
unknown whether facilitation among plants arises primarily from these mycorrhizal networks …

The notion of mutual aid, which Peter Kropotkin introduced in the 19th century, goes against
the logic of competition as a natural condition, and instead shows how mutual aid is a more …

Fungal communities can influence the productivity, composition and survival of trees through
cycling nutrients, providing resources and altering pathogens. Thus, shifts in fungal …

This paper presents the discrete version of the Mycorrhiza Tree Optimization Algorithm
(MTOA), using the Lotka–Volterra Discrete Equation System (LVDES) formed by the …

Microbiome-Inspired Green Infrastructure (MIGI) was recently proposed as an integrative
system to promote healthy urban ecosystems through multidisciplinary design. Specifically …

We measured light‐related patterns of primary productivity within a topographically complex
Oregon watershed over a 30‐year period. Second‐growth conifer densities were …