Both the CTLA-4 pathway and regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the control of
immune homeostasis. Their therapeutic relevance is highlighted by the increasing use of …

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the production of autoreactive
lymphocytes, immune responses to self-antigens, and inflammation in related tissues and …

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential regulator of T-cell
responses, and its absence precipitates lethal T-cell hyperactivity. However, whether CTLA …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) frequently occur
together within families and in the same individual. The co-occurrence of T1D and AITD in …

Global human genetic variation is greatly influenced by geography, with genetic
differentiation between populations increasing with geographic distance and within …

Context: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms have been
widely examined for their associations with autoimmune thyroid diseases [Graves' disease …

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's
thyroiditis (HT), are prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general …

Several studies have found strikingly different allele frequencies between continents. This
has been mainly interpreted as being due to local adaptation. However, demographic …

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto disease
(HD), is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Although …

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) interact with trans regulators to orchestrate gene
expression, but how transcriptional regulation is coordinated in multi-gene loci has not been …