The human intestine contains huge amounts of nonpathologic bacteria surviving in an
environment that is beneficial to both the host and the bacterial populations. In the normal …

The search to improve outcomes in critically ill patients through nutrition support has steadily
progressed over the past 4 decades. One current approach to this problem is the addition of …

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving therapy that provides intravenous nutrition support to
patients who cannot, or should not, feed via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Unfortunately, PN …

The intestine plays a fundamental role as a regulator of the mucosal immune response,
mostly through the production and secretion of secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) by the gut …

Background: Elemental enteral nutrition (EEN) decreases gut‐associated lymphoid tissue
(GALT) function, including fewer Peyer's patch lymphocytes and lower levels of the tissue T …

BACKGROUND: Both humans and mice increase airway immunoglobulin A (IgA) after
injury. This protective response is associated with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 airway increases …

Stress stimuli affect the immune system of the mucosa, and in particular IgA secretion. It is
well documented that intense psychological and physical stress can increase susceptibility …

Approximately one-half million uncontrolled infections occur per year, costing the United
States annual health care budget $10–20 billion; sepsis remains the leading cause of death …

Abstract Background Pulmonary Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare interstitial
lung disease characterized by clusters of Langerhans cells, organized in granulomas, in the …

Background: Outbred mice exhibit increased airway and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA)
following injury when fed normal chow, consistent with humans. Parenteral nutrition (PN) …