Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human
activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage …

Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element
biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations …

The nucleation and growth of solids from solutions impacts many natural processes and is
fundamental to applications in materials engineering and medicine. For a crystalline solid …

Calcium carbonate is an important and often dominant component of marine sediments. This
is reflected by the observation that about 20% by volume of Phanerozoic (0-547 Ma; Ma) …

Given increasing environmental issues due to the large usage of non‐biodegradable
plastics based on petroleum, new plastic materials, which are economic, environmentally …

We review approaches aimed at deciphering the physical mechanisms responsible for viral
structure and assembly. We discuss the basic principles of condensed matter physics …

The recent advent of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and advances in
cryogenic TEM are transforming our understanding of the physical and chemical …

Biominerals exhibit morphologies, hierarchical ordering and properties that invariably
surpass those of their synthetic counterparts. A key feature of these materials, which sets …

This paper presents a review of the current understanding of the structure, self-assembly
mechanisms, and properties of mineralized collagen fibril composites in connective tissues …

The threat posed to coral reefs by changes in seawater pH and carbonate chemistry (ocean
acidification) raises the need for a better mechanistic understanding of physiological …