Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a
variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe …

Since the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), its cognate receptor
activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) …

A substantial amount patients with cancer will develop bone metastases, with 70% of
metastatic prostate and breast cancer patients harboring bone metastasis. Despite …

Immunotherapy can elicit robust anticancer responses in the clinic. However, a large
proportion of patients with colorectal cancer do not benefit from treatment. Although previous …

Most breast cancers exhibit low immune infiltration and are unresponsive to immunotherapy.
We hypothesized that inhibition of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) …

Multiple studies have confirmed that programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand-
1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 play pivotal …

Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) is allowed in selected metastatic castration-resistant prostate
cancer (PC) patients showing microsatellite instability/mismatch repair system deficiency …

Patients with solid tumours are at risk of impaired bone health from metastases and cancer
therapy-induced bone loss (CTIBL). We review medical management of bone health in …

ABSTRACT Resiquimod (R848) and motolimod (VTX-2337) are second-generation
experimental derivatives of imiquimod, an imidazoquinoline with immunostimulatory …

RANKL and RANK are expressed in different cell types and tissues throughout the body.
They were originally described for their essential roles in bone remodeling and the immune …