Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological
responses. Long-and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by colonic bacteria and obtained from the diet,
have been linked to beneficial effects on human health associated with their metabolic and …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most intensively studied drug targets, mostly
due to their substantial involvement in human pathophysiology and their pharmacological …

GPCRs (G-protein [guanine nucleotide-binding protein]–coupled receptors) play a central
physiological role in the regulation of cardiac function in both health and disease and thus …

The inflammatory chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are predominantly induced
by interferon (IFN)-γ and share an exclusive chemokine receptor named CXC chemokine …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies …

The control over the extent and timing of G protein signaling is provided by the regulator of G
protein signaling (RGS) proteins that deactivate G protein α subunits (Gα). Mammalian …

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a
diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled …