Memory T cells that are specific for one virus can become activated during infection with an
unrelated heterologous virus, and might have roles in protective immunity and …

The field of vaccinology began in ignorance of how protection was instilled in vaccine
recipients. Today, a greater knowledge of immunology allows us to better understand what …

Vaccines in general and HIV vaccines in particular are focusing ever more on the induction
of cellular immunity specifically the generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL). As progress is …

The importance of CD8+ T-cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been demonstrated, yet few studies have been able to correlate …

Primary virus infection often elicits a large CD8+ T cell response which subsequently
contracts to a smaller memory T cell pool; the relationship between these two virus-specific …

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses peak coincident with the decline in acute HIV
viremia. Despite two reports of CTL-resistant HIV variants emerging during acute infection …

Naive CD8+ T cells give rise to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which promote the effective
eradication of viruses and tumours. Although the past decades have seen enormous …

Twenty years after the discovery of HIV, there is still no vaccine. This year, an envelope
vaccine aimed at stimulating neutralizing antibodies was unable to protect against infection …

The human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) has been intensely studied, and hundreds of CTL epitopes have been …

In light of HIV's propensity to mutate and thereby to ever ramify viral populations, could it be
that providing sufficient protection against global diversity is an insurmountable problem …