While the survival value of paternal care is well understood, little is known about its
physiological basis. Here we investigate the neuroendocrine contributions to paternal care …

Dominance hierarchies are ubiquitous in social species that require social cognition to
maintain. Status may be established initially through physical conflict but is maintained by …

Cichlid fishes are champion caregivers that protect, clean, aerate, and sometimes even feed
their young. This tropical fish family's extensive species radiation combined with great …

Males and females of many species engage in agonistic encounters. However, differing
selection pressures on each sex are predicted to result in sex differences in aggressive …

Introduction One of the most important decisions that an animal has to make in its life is
choosing a mate. Although most studies in sexual selection assume that mate choice is …

Aggressive behavior can be an important factor in determining how animals use and divide
space and resources. Previous studies have shown that aggression in fishes can be …

Life experiences can alter cognitive abilities and subsequent behavior. Here we asked
whether differences in experience could affect social status. In hierarchical animal societies …

Highlights•We examined mate choice for personality in a monogamous cichlid species.•The
behavioural type of each individual was estimated from aggressiveness tests.•In a group …

Parental defense of offspring may be risky, so parents should balance costs and benefits,
making context-dependent decisions based on the threat to offspring. Our previous field …

Highlights•Tanganyikan male cichlids are either dominant (defend, court, reproduce) or
nondominant.•Male phenotypes differ in appearance and behaviour and in many features of …