The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress response constitutes a cellular process that is
triggered by a variety of conditions that disturb folding of proteins in the ER. Eukaryotic cells …

The impact of proteins and peptides on the treatment of various conditions including ocular
diseases over the past few decades has been advanced by substantial breakthroughs in …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the outer retina, characterized most
significantly by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium accompanied with …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary intracellular organelle responsible for protein
and lipid biosynthesis, protein folding and trafficking, calcium homeostasis, and several …

The classic heat shock (stress) response (HSR) was originally attributed to protein
denaturation. However, heat shock protein (Hsp) induction occurs in many circumstances …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs a range of necessary functions within the
neural layers of the retina and helps ensure vision. The regulation of pro-oxidative and …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can be classified into two main categories: the
atrophic, dry form and the exudative, wet form. The crucial difference between dry and wet …

Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-encoded peptide with neuroprotective properties.
We have recently shown protection of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells by HN in …

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) share
several pathological features including β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation, oxidative …

Exposure to excessive levels of light induces photoreceptor apoptosis and can be a
causative factor in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the cellular events …