Despite a large number of empirical studies, the controversy of whether a gender gap in
education harms or boosts economic performance still persists. We conduct a systematic …

High-income countries have generally experienced falling fertility in recent decades. In most
of these countries, the total fertility rate is now below the level that implies a stable …

For most of the vast span of human history, economic growth was all but nonexistent. Then,
about two centuries ago, some nations began to emerge from this epoch of economic …

Education has significant and far-reaching effects not only on individuals, but also on the
societies in which they live and to which they contribute. The education level of a population …

This paper develops the theoretical foundations and the testable implications of the various
mechanisms that have been proposed as possible triggers for the demographic transition …

We assess Africa's prospects for enjoying a demographic dividend. While fertility rates and
dependency ratios in Africa remain high, they have started to decline. According to UN …

We analyse the relationship between declining population growth and automation.
Theoretical considerations imply that countries with lower population growth introduce …

This paper consolidates two previously disconnected literatures. It integrates R&D-based
innovations into a unified growth framework with micro-founded fertility and schooling …

Sustainable energy systems are sensitive to economic complexity, ie, the combination of
knowledge, innovation, and productivity, since it affects the countries' portfolio decisions of …

We introduce automation into a standard model of capital accumulation and show that (i)
there is the possibility of perpetual growth, even in the absence of technological progress;(ii) …