A key aspect of the design of evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms is studying
their performance. Statistical comparisons are also a crucial part which allows for reliable …

Background The burden of COVID-19 was extremely severe in Northern Italy, an area
characterized by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), which is known to negatively …

The urgent need for an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has forced development to progress
in the absence of well-defined correlates of immunity. While neutralization has been linked …

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are widely used in academic personnel decisions as
a measure of teaching effectiveness. We show: SET are biased against female instructors by …

Permutation methods can provide exact control of false positives and allow the use of non-
standard statistics, making only weak assumptions about the data. With the availability of fast …

Empirical results hinge on analytical decisions that are defensible, arbitrary and motivated.
These decisions probably introduce bias (towards the narrative put forward by the authors) …

A single-case experimental design is a research design that can be used to evaluate the
effect of an intervention for a single entity. There are two important schedules to include …

Abstract Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) is a PLS regression method
with a special binary 'dummy'y-variable and it is commonly used for classification purposes …

One-way layouts, ie, a single factor with several levels and multiple observations at each
level, frequently arise in various fields. Usually not only a global hypothesis is of interest but …

In this work, we show how permutation methods can be applied to combination analyses
such as those that include multiple imaging modalities, multiple data acquisitions of the …