Metastatic melanoma is challenging to manage. Although targeted-and immune therapies
have extended survival, most patients experience therapy resistance. The adaptability of …

Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells is regulated
by a well characterized gene transcription circuitry. The circuitry is assembled by ESC …

Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence the tumor microenvironment and promote
distal metastasis. Here we analyzed the involvement of melanoma-secreted EVs in lymph …

Many patients with advanced cancers achieve dramatic responses to a panoply of
therapeutics yet retain minimal residual disease (MRD), which ultimately results in relapse …

Bone regeneration following injury is initiated by inflammatory signals and occurs in
association with infiltration by sensory nerve fibers. Together, these events are believed to …

Melanomas commonly undergo a phenotype switch, from a proliferative to an invasive state.
Such tumor cell plasticity contributes to immunotherapy resistance; however, the …

Targeted therapies with MAPK inhibitors (MAPK i) are faced with severe problems of
resistance in BRAF‐mutant melanoma. In parallel to the acquisition of genetic mutations …

Nerve outgrowth in the tumor microenvironment (tumor neurogenesis) has recently been
shown to be essential for cancer progression and the concept of nerve dependence is …

Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for nerves in enabling tumor progression.
The association of nerves with cancer cells is well established for a variety of malignant …

Cutaneous melanoma represents the most fatal skin cancer due to its high metastatic
capacity. According to the “phenotype switching” model, the aggressive nature of melanoma …