Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are large mammalian carnivores, but their societies,
called 'clans', resemble those of such cercopithecine primates as baboons and macaques …

The apparent virilization of the female spotted hyena raises questions about sex differences
in behavior and morphology. We review these sex differences to find a mosaic of dimorphic …

Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and
offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in …

An optimization analysis of human behavior from a comparative perspective can improve
our understanding of the adaptiveness of human nature. Intra-specific competition for …

Dominance relationships between females and males are characteristic traits of species and
are usually associated with sexual dimorphism. Exploring the social and contextual …

The mother-offspring relationship is paramount in most mammals and infant survival often
depends on maternal investment. In species with prolonged periods of development or co …

Parents often sacrifice their own future reproductive success to boost the survival of their
offspring, a phenomenon referred to as parental investment. In several social mammals …

Identifying how dominance within and between the sexes is established is pivotal to
understanding sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many species, members of one sex …

Individuals and societies are linked through a feedback loop of mutual influence.
Demographic turnover shapes group composition and structure by adding and removing …

How social development in early‐life affects fitness remains poorly understood. Though
there is growing evidence that early‐life relationships can affect fitness, little research has …