Emerging evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts relating to
atherosclerosis, and has called into question many previous notions. Here I review this …

Atherosclerosis, a dominant and growing cause of death and disability worldwide, involves
inflammation from its inception to the emergence of complications. Targeting inflammatory …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Inflammation orchestrates each stage of the life cycle of atherosclerotic plaques. Indeed,
inflammatory mediators likely link many traditional and emerging risk factors with …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial
diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the …

Although intermittent increases in inflammation are critical for survival during physical injury
and infection, recent research has revealed that certain social, environmental and lifestyle …

Recognizing the importance of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation led to some therapeutic
breakthroughs. However, many inflammatory pathologies remain without specific therapy …

Dyslipidaemia has a prominent role in the onset of notorious atherosclerosis, a disease of
medium to large arteries. Atherosclerosis is the prime root of cardiovascular events …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer
of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming …

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the circulation, and have been regarded as
first line of defense in the innate arm of the immune system. They capture and destroy …