Wendelstein 7-AS was the first modular stellarator device to test some basic elements of
stellarator optimization: a reduced Shafranov shift and improved stability properties resulted …

This paper gives a review on the experiments with electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) in
fusion devices. The different methods of EBW generation are described and compared with …

Microwave-based diagnostics have found broad application in magnetic fusion plasma
diagnostics and are expected to be widely employed in future burning plasma experiments …

It is not fully understood how electromagnetic waves propagate through plasma density
fluctuations when the size of the fluctuations is comparable with the wavelength of the …

This paper is a summary of some of the major results from the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator
(W7-AS). W7-AS [G. Grieger et al, Phys. Fluids B 4, 2081 (1992)] has demonstrated the …

The first demonstration of electron-Bernstein-wave heating by double-mode conversion from
the O to the X mode in an overdense H-mode tokamak plasma has been achieved in the …

GENRAY and CQL3D were used to estimate the Electron Bernstein Wave (EBW) current
drive profiles and normalised current drive efficiency ζ CD (6) for several STEP reactor …

This paper reports on the first demonstration of electron Bernstein wave heating (EBWH) by
double mode conversion from ordinary (O-) to Bernstein (B-) via the extraordinary (X-) mode …

Efficient coupling of thermal electron Bernstein waves (EBW) to ordinary-mode (⁠ O-mode)
electromagnetic radiation has been measured in plasmas heated by energetic neutral …

Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) has been of interest in fusion research since the
beginning, in the late 1950s, of the worldwide effort to realize fusion energy. The initial …