Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for development of cardiovascular disease,
including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular death. Multiple large …

Incretin hormones, principally glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), potentiate meal-stimulated insulin secretion through direct …

Recent clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes have demonstrated beneficial actions on
heart and kidney outcomes following treatment with GLP-1RAs. In part, these actions are …

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a central regulator of cardiac performance and morphology.
Myocardial PKA activation is induced by a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and stress …

Objective Astrocytes actively participate in energy metabolism in the brain, and astrocytic
aerobic glycolysis disorder is associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Objectives Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists reduce the rates of major
cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction in people with type 2 diabetes, and …

Equine insulin dysregulation (ID) comprises amplified insulin responses to oral
carbohydrates or insulin resistance, or both, which leads to sustained or periodic …

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with coronary microvascular
dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to compromised diastolic function, ultimately …

Cardiovascular events related to atherosclerosis are responsible for high morbidity and
mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. Improvement in care, especially in early …

Cardiovascular outcome trials revealed cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetes mellitus
patients when treated with long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists …