It is becoming clearer how neurobiological mechanisms generate 'liking'and
'wanting'components of food reward. Mesocorticolimbic mechanisms that enhance …

Electrochemical biosensors provide powerful tools for dissecting the dynamically changing
neurochemical signals in the living brain, which contribute to the insight into the …

Dopaminergic neurons play a crucial role in associative learning, but their capacity to
regulate behavior on subsecond timescales remains debated. It is thought that …

The role of serotonin in depression and antidepressant treatment remains unresolved
despite decades of research. In this paper, we make three major claims. First, serotonin …

Anatomical and functional refinements of the meso-limbic dopamine system of the rat are
discussed. Present experiments suggest that dopaminergic neurons localized in the …

The study of the neural bases of eating behavior, hunger, and reward has consistently
implicated the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and its interactions with mesocorticolimbic circuitry …

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has been used for over 20 years to study rapid
neurotransmission in awake and behaving animals. These experiments were first carried out …

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are secreted by neurons and relay messages to target
cells. The goal of in vivo electrochemistry is to provide a real-time view of neurotransmitters …

Reductionist attempts to dissect complex mechanisms into simpler elements are necessary,
but not sufficient for understanding how biological properties like reward emerge out of …

Animals infer when and where a reward is available from experience with informative
sensory stimuli and their own actions. In vertebrates, this is thought to depend upon the …