Hundreds of land plant lineages have independently evolved separate sexes in either
gametophytes (dioicy) or sporophytes (dioecy), but 43% of all dioecious angiosperms are …

Dioecy, the coexistence of separate male and female individuals in a population, is a rare
but phylogenetically widespread sexual system in flowering plants. While research has …

Mitochondria are responsible for providing energy currency to life processes in the
molecular form of ATP and are therefore typically referred to as the power factories of cells …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is predominantly maternally inherited in eukaryotes. Diverse
molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of strict maternal inheritance (SMI) of …

We review transitions between hermaphroditism and dioecy in animals and (mainly
flowering) plants. Although hermaphroditism and dioecy represent two end states in a sex …

Background The 'gynodioecy–dioecy pathway'is considered to be one of the most important
evolutionary routes from hermaphroditism to separate sexes (dioecy). Despite a large …

Background The remarkable diversity of mating patterns and sexual systems in flowering
plants has fascinated evolutionary biologists for more than a century. Enduring questions …

Background Gynodioecy is a reproductive system of interest for evolutionary biologists, as it
poses the question of how females can be maintained while competing with hermaphrodites …

Plant mitochondrial genomes are usually transmitted to the progeny from the maternal
parent. However, cases of paternal transmission are known and are perhaps more common …

The article presents information on the pathways for making unisexual flowers and
unisexual plants. It says that sex determination in higher plants is of basic biological interest …