Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenously produced by several plant organelles
and compartments, particularly those with high electron transport rates, such as chloroplasts …

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event
associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress …

As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly
perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved …

World population is increasing at an alarming rate and is expected to reach about six billion
by the end of year 2050. On the other hand food productivity is decreasing due to the effect …

Plant annexins are Ca 2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins and exist as multigene
families in plants. They are implicated in the regulation of plant development as well as …

Cold temperatures are the cause of enormous agricultural losses, especially in sub-tropical
and temperate grain crops. The reproductive period is a vital phase in the life cycle of all …

Temperature stress is becoming the major concern for plant scientists worldwide due to the
changing climate. The difficulty of climate change is further added considering its precisely …

Exposure to low temperatures is one of the most important plant abiotic stress factors. In this
review we describe the damages that chilling and/or freezing temperatures can cause to …