As fossil fuels have been depleting, there is a need to develop an alternative fuel to meet the
possible future energy shortage. Biodiesel is one of the most promising resources that has …

Indonesia ranks fourth as the most populous nation after China, India, and the USA and is
one of Southeast Asia's most significant energy users. Due to the rapidly increasing energy …

Steady escalating of global CO 2 concentration and the findings of 2015 as the warmest
year ever recorded, demanding feasible yet urgent solutions to counter those undesirable …

A series of 5 wt% NiO/Al-SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation of ordered,
mesoporous Al-SBA-15 supports (Si/Al molar ratios spanning 5–75) synthesised by a true …

Palm oil is recognized as the most widely used vegetable oil worldwide, and its market has
recently experienced an important growth mainly driven by China and India. Palm oil has …

In present work, cow dung was chosen as the raw material to undergo incomplete
carbonization process which was held at 500° C for 2 h. The incomplete carbonized carbon …

An effective method for corncob saccharification was investigated over a magnetic carbon-
based solid acid (MMCSA) catalyst in the aqueous phase. MMCSA was synthesized through …

Heterogeneous acid catalysts have been reported as potential substitutes of homogeneous
catalysts for biodiesel production, mainly due to their abilities to simultaneously perform …

This work aims to offer a new acid type, methanesulfonic acid, to produce environmentally
benign sulfonated carbon-based catalysts for esterification. The sulfonated catalysts were …

The solid bifunctional tungsten molybdenum supported calcium mixed oxide catalyst (W x-
Mo y/CaO 0.3≤ x, 0.7≤ y) was synthesized by simple wet impregnation method. The …