Abstract The Southern Ocean, although relatively understudied owing to its harsh
environment and geographical isolation, has been shown to contribute substantially to …

A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that
the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems …

Like many species, movement patterns of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are
being influenced by long‐term environmental change. These seals migrate up to 4,000 km …

The Southern Ocean is disproportionately important in its effect on the Earth system,
impacting climatic, biogeochemical, and ecological systems, which makes recent observed …

Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced
long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal …

Satellite observations have shown that the largest and most prolonged Maud Rise open‐
ocean polynya since the 1970s appeared on 14 September 2017 (~ 9.3× 103 km2) within …

Coastal polynyas are key formation regions for dense shelf water (DSW) that ultimately
contributes to the ventilation of the ocean abyss. However, not all polynyas form DSW. We …

Polar oceans and sea ice cover 15% of the Earth's ocean surface, and the environment is
changing rapidly at both poles. Improving knowledge on the interactions between the …

In cold polar waters, temperatures sometimes drop below the freezing point, a process
referred to as supercooling. However, observational challenges in polar regions limit our …

Prediction of future ice-sheet behavior in Antarctica and its contribution to sea-level rise
depends on accurate understanding of ice-sheet response to a warm climate. Examination …