Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative
pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and …

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have
documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex under the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis control, one of the major neuro-endocrine systems of the organism …

In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of
its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various …

Insulin signalling in the central nervous system regulates energy homeostasis by controlling
metabolism in several organs and by coordinating organ crosstalk. Studies performed in …

The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes.
However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase …

Ever since the brain was identified as an insulin-sensitive organ, evidence has rapidly
accumulated that insulin action in the brain produces multiple behavioral and metabolic …

The liver is an essential metabolic organ, and its metabolic activity is tightly controlled by
insulin and other metabolic hormones. Glucose is metabolized into pyruvate through …

Although the brain has been considered an insulin-insensitive organ, recent reports on the
location of insulin and its receptors in the brain have introduced new ways of considering …

Insulin acts on the CNS to modulate behaviour and systemic metabolism. Disturbances in
brain insulin action represent a possible link between metabolic and cognitive health …