Security is an increasing concern for real-time systems (RTS). Over the last decade or so,
researchers have demonstrated attacks and defenses aimed at such systems. In this article …

This paper provides a systematic exploration of Control Flow Integrity (CFI) and Control Flow
Attestation (CFA) mechanisms, examining their differences and relationships. It addresses …

Embedded devices are becoming increasingly pervasive in safety-critical systems of the
emerging cyber-physical world. While trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as ARM …

Embedded systems are deployed in security critical environments and have become a
prominent target for remote attacks. Microcontroller-based systems (MCUS) are particularly …

Microcontroller-based embedded systems are increasingly used for applications that can
have serious and immediate consequences if compromised—including automobile control …

Control-flow integrity (CFI) is a promising technique to mitigate control-flow hijacking attacks.
In the past decade, dozens of CFI mechanisms have been proposed by researchers …

Microcontroller-based embedded systems are often programmed in low-level languages
and are vulnerable to control-flow hijacking attacks. One approach to prevent such attacks is …

This paper presents Kage: a system that protects the control data of both application and
kernel code on microcontroller-based embedded systems. Kage consists of a Kage …

Code tampering is serious issue in Internet of Things (IOT). IoT devices are used to collect
environment data like temperature value, light intensity, hart pulse etc. Once an IoT device …

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of FineIBT: a CFI enforcement
mechanism that improves the precision of hardware-assisted CFI solutions, like Intel IBT, by …