Background Seventeen distinct pollination systems are known for genera of sub-Saharan
African Iridaceae and recurrent shifts in pollination system have evolved in those with ten or …

Simple Summary Floral resource availability is one of the keys to preserving the health of
bee communities. However, flowers also present a risk of pathogen transmission, as infected …

Plant reproduction is highly susceptible to temperature stress. The development of the male
gametophyte in particular represents a critical element in the reproductive cycle with high …

Pollination by sexual deception is arguably one of the most unusual liaisons linking plants
and insects, and perhaps the most illustrative example of extreme floral specialization in …

Background Within the astonishing diversity of orchid pollination systems, sexual deception
is one of the most stunning. An example is the genus Ophrys, where plants attract male bees …

Flower traits, such as flower size or color changes, can act as honest signals indicating
greater rewards such as nectar; however, nothing is known about shelter-rewarding …

Floral color plays a key role as visual signaling and is therefore of great importance in
shaping plant-pollinator interactions. Iris (Iridaceae), a genus comprising over 300 species …

Relationships between flowering plants and their pollinators are usually affected by the
amount of reward, mainly pollen or nectar, offered to pollinators by flowers, with these …

Abstract Adopting an Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management strategy requires an
evaluation of pesticide risk for pollinator species. For non-Apid species, however, the …

Pollinator responses to floral density have important implications for plant biology. In
particular, a decline in pollinator visitation at low density can cause an Allee effect (a positive …