Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules form on or just below the vast, sediment-covered, abyssal
plains of the global ocean. Polymetallic nodules primarily consist of precipitated iron …

Deep-sea sediments containing high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and
yttrium (Y), termed REY-rich sediments, have attracted considerable attention and are widely …

Manganese nodules occur as two-dimensional deposits in abyssal plains of all major
oceans. In the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific alone, the amount …

Recent studies suggest that pelagic sediments can enrich rare-earth elements (REE) acting
as a significant reservoir for the global REE budget as well as a potential resource for future …

Mankind's quest for exploration has led him to traverse from the vast expanse of outer space
down to the deepest parts of the oceans. One such discovery in the later part of the …

Minerals able to colour in blue (and green in combination with yellow pigments) are limited
in number and geologically. After presenting a short history of the use of cobalt as a …

Birnessite, a phyllomanganate and the most common type of Mn oxide, affects the fate and
transport of numerous contaminants and nutrients in nature. Birnessite exhibits hexagonal …

Although it has been suggested that the trace element patterns of sedimentary pyrite can be
affected by early diagenesis, detailed studies on modern marine environments addressing …

Polymetallic nodules from the Clarion and Clipperton Zone of the equatorial Pacific Ocean
were studied using X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, Fourier-transformed infrared …

Nowadays, pelagic sediments are globally explored as a potential resource of rare earth
elements and yttrium (termed as REY), and have received unprecedented attention …