Venous abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions.
This paper reviews the literature regarding venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

The classic isoforms of myelin basic protein (MBP, 14–21.5 kDa) are essential to formation
of the multilamellar myelin sheath of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Purpose To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the aqueduct of Sylvius (AoS)
in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)‐positive and‐negative healthy …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …

The evidence that hypoxia is a precipitating factor in causing early MS lesions includes
increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; presence of the D-110 hypoxia …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …

OBJECTIVE. Chronic cerebrospinal vascular insufficiency is a proposed condition of
intraluminal stenosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) that impedes venous flow from the …

Although it is still debated whether chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)
plays a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) development, many patients underwent endovascular …

Although iron is known to be essential for the normal development and health of the central
nervous system, abnormal iron deposits are found in and around multiple sclerosis (MS) …