The industry for producing silicon solar cells and modules has grown remarkably over the
past decades, with more than a 100‐fold reduction in price over the past 45 years. The main …

The RF magnetron sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on glass substrates
with low resistivity, high transmittance and work function for various oxygen (O 2) flow rates …

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were prepared by electrostatic
spray deposition method at atmospheric pressure followed by annealing. The effects of …

Using a single Langmuir probe, the temporal evolution of the oxygen negative ion, n−, and
electron, ne, densities in the afterglow of a reactive HiPIMS discharge operating in argon …

ZnO thin films co-doped with boron and fluorine (B, F–ZnO) were deposited by the
electrospraying method onto a heated glass substrate. The characteristics of the films were …

The influence of doping with bismuth ions in the properties of synthesized Cu (In, Ga) Se 2
films was investigated via the solution coating process followed by a selenization step. The …

Abstract Ni–Al co-doped ZnO (NiAl: ZnO) films with fixed Al content at 2 wt% and different Ni
contents (2.5, 3, and 5 wt%) were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering in an argon …

Metal-doped (B and Ta) ZnO thin films were deposited by the electrospraying method onto a
heated glass substrate. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were …

Unlike metal electrodes such as Al and Au, aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) with high
conductivity and transparency can be used as transparent electrodes for surface acoustic …

Using Langmuir probe-assisted laser photodetachment, the temporal evolution of the O−
density was determined in the bulk plasma of a unipolar pulsed-dc magnetron. The source …