Preterm birth (gestational age< 37 completed weeks) has increased in prevalence in most
countries in the past 20 years and now affects nearly 11% of all births worldwide. Because of …

Background Many potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, and
peripheral biomarkers for ADHD have been investigated, but the consistency and magnitude …

Several studies have reported the susceptibility of pregnant women to emotional instability
and stress. Thus, pregnancy may be a risk factor that could deepen the already negative …

OBJECTIVES Preterm birth has been linked with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD); however, potential causality, sex-specific differences, and association with early term …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents a powerful entry point for
developmental approaches to psychopathology due to its substantial role in early …

While neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are highly heritable, several environmental
risk factors have also been suggested. However, the role of familial confounding is unclear …

Importance Adverse long-term outcomes in individuals born before full gestation are not
confined to individuals born at extreme gestational ages. Little is known regarding mortality …

Importance Advancing paternal age is associated with increased genetic mutations during
spermatogenesis, which research suggests may cause psychiatric morbidity in the offspring …

Maternal prenatal stress influences offspring neurodevelopment and birth outcomes
including the ratio of males to females born; however, there is limited understanding of what …

Importance Prenatal antidepressant exposure has been associated with adverse outcomes.
Previous studies, however, may not have adequately accounted for confounding. Objective …