Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies represent a fundamental
step in the early stages of drug discovery. In particular, the absorption of orally administered …

The physiological environment of the intestine is characterized by its variegated
composition, numerous functions and unique dynamic conditions, making it challenging to …

abstract Epithelial cells experience constant mechanical forces, including fluid shear stress
(FSS) on their apical surface. These forces alter both structure and function. While precise …

The Caco-2 monolayer is the most widely used in vitro model of the human intestinal
mucosa to study absorption. However, models lack communication from other cells present …

The large intestine, with its array of crypts lining the epithelium and diverse luminal contents,
regulates homeostasis throughout the body. In vitro crypts formed from primary human …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous and molecularly complex disease, associated
with high mortality worldwide, exposing the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches …

Hepatic steatosis is a process of abnormal lipid deposition within the liver cells, often caused
by excessive alcohol uptake or obesity. A conventional in vitro model for hepatic steatosis …

Current treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seek to alleviate the
undesirable symptoms of the disorder. Despite the higher specificity of newer generation …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane vesicles that play important roles in
cell-to-cell and interspecies/interkingdom communications by modulating the …

The human gut microbiome has emerged as a key player in the bidirectional communication
of the gut–brain axis, affecting various aspects of homeostasis and pathophysiology. Until …