Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC
is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour …

The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and
disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have …

CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, although vital for immune homeostasis, also represent a major
barrier to anti-cancer immunity, as the tumour microenvironment (TME) promotes the …

Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the efficacy and toxicity of
cancer therapy, most notably immunotherapy and its immune-related adverse effects. The …

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a key role in the elimination of intracellular infections and
malignant cells and can provide long-term protective immunity. In the response to infection …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Despite the promising advances in novel cancer therapy such as immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs), limitations including therapeutic resistance and toxicity remain. In recent …

How environmental nutrient availability impacts T cell metabolism and function remains
poorly understood. Here, we report that the presence of physiologic carbon sources (PCSs) …

Checkpoint immunotherapies have been combined with other therapeutic modalities to
increase patient response rate and improve therapeutic outcome, which however …