A great deal of information is known regarding the process of sex differentiation in fish, and
the mechanisms involved in primary sex determination are now beginning to be defined. A …

Hermaphroditism is a derived and polyphyletic condition in fishes, documented in about 2%
of all extant teleost species scattered across more than 20 taxonomic families in 9 orders. It …

Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex
allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female …

Among vertebrates, fish show by far the greatest variability of alternative reproductive tactics
(ARTs). Usually, males attempting to monopolize access to females or fertilizations are …

Sex allocation is a crucial life-history parameter in all sexual organisms. Over the last
decades a body of evolutionary theory, sex allocation theory, was developed, which has …

Sex allocation theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites predicts an influence of the mating
group size on sex allocation. Mating group size may depend on the size of the group in …

Studies of sex allocation offer excellent opportunities for examining the constraints and limits
on adaptation. A major topic of debate within this field concerns the extent to which the …

Social group size may affect the potential for sperm competition, and this in turn may favour
ontogenetic adjustments in testicular mass according to the likely requirements for sperm …

Sex allocation theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites assumes a direct trade‐off between
the allocation of resources to the male and female reproductive functions. Empirical support …

Evolutionary theory predicts that more resources are allocated to sperm production when
sperm competition is high. This prediction is supported by both comparative and …