Abstract Short wavelength Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) are among the newest light sources
available to scientists to probe a wide range of phenomena, with chemical, physical and …

European XFEL is an international facility providing hard and soft x-ray free-electron laser
radiation for user experiments with a wide range of scientific applications. Its …

Directly observing atomic motions in molecules during chemical dynamics has long
constituted one of the grand challenges in chemistry. 1 The emergence of X-ray free …

Double core-holes (DCHs) show remarkable and sensitive effects for understanding
electron correlations and coherence. With advanced modulation of x-ray free-electron laser …

Imaging ultrafast hydrogen migration with few-or sub-femtosecond time resolution is a
challenge for ultrafast spectroscopy due to the lightness and small scattering cross-section …

High-intensity ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses are revolutionizing the study
of fundamental nonlinear x-ray matter interactions and coupled electronic and nuclear …

Here, we report on the nonlinear ionization of argon atoms in the short wavelength regime
using ultraintense x rays from the European XFEL. After sequential multiphoton ionization …

Warm dense matter is at the boundary between a plasma and a condensed phase and plays
a role in astrophysics, planetary science and inertial confinement fusion research. However …

Recent developments in high-repetition-rate x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) such as the
European XFEL and the LSCS-II, combined with coincidence measurements using the …

Photodissociation molecular dynamics of gas-phase 2, 5-diiodothiophene molecules was
studied in an electron-energy-resolved electron-multi-ion coincidence experiment performed …