Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

The opsin gene family encodes key proteins animals use to sense light and has expanded
dramatically as it originated early in animal evolution. Understanding the origins of opsin …

Screening of a deeply sequenced transcriptome using Illumina sequencing as well as the
genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini revealed a set of five opsin genes. To clarify …

The advent of new tools in genetics, labeling, and imaging has led to a revolution in the
ability to investigate the genetic and cellular evolution of invertebrate photoreceptor …

The molecular mechanisms used by biological systems to detect light are diverse, with at
least 10 classes of photosensor proteins and additional photosensitive domains …

The phylogenetic position of chaetognaths, or arrow worms, has been debated for decades,
however recently they have been grouped into the Gnathifera, a sister clade to all other …

Stomatopods are well studied for their unique visual systems, which can consist of up to 16
different photoreceptor types and 33 opsin proteins expressed in the adults of some species …

Background In the past few decades, heat waves and seasonal variation linked with global
warming are causing frequent fluctuations of water temperature in aquatic environments …

Enclosed in shells with ventral and dorsal valves, extant brachiopods (meaning “arm” and
“foot”) are classified into three major subphyla: the Rhynchonelliformea, the Linguliformea …

In comparison to complex visual systems, non-directional photoreception—the most
primitive form of biological photodetection—has been poorly investigated, although it is …