The rate and rhythm of heart muscle contractions are coordinated by the cardiac conduction
system (CCS), a generic term for a collection of different specialized muscular tissues within …

Modeling of human organs has long been a task for scientists in order to lower the costs of
therapeutic development and understand the pathological onset of human disease. For …

Rationale: Athletes present with atrioventricular node dysfunction manifesting as
atrioventricular block. This can necessitate electronic pacemaker implantation, known to be …

Irreversible degeneration of the cardiac conduction system is a common disease that can
cause activity intolerance, fainting, and death. While electronic pacemakers provide effective …

The sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, consists of a heterogeneous
population of specialized cardiac myocytes that can spontaneously produce action …

Background Establishment of a biological pacemaker is expected to solve the persisting
problems of a mechanical pacemaker including the problems of battery life and …

Cardiac pacemaker cells located in the sinoatrial node initiate the electrical impulses that
drive rhythmic contraction of the heart. The sinoatrial node accounts for only a small …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the dominant pacemaker of the heart. Abnormalities in SAN
formation and function can cause sinus arrhythmia, including sick sinus syndrome and …

Dysfunction of the specialized cardiac conduction system (CCS) is associated with life-
threatening arrhythmias. Strategies to derive CCS cells, including rare Purkinje cells (PCs) …

Muscular regeneration is a complex biological process that occurs during acute injury and
chronic degeneration, implicating several cell types. One of the earliest events of muscle …