Background Given the exceptional diversity of orchids (26 000+ species), improving
strategies for the conservation of orchids will benefit a vast number of taxa. Furthermore, with …

Symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and influence individual plants and populations. Orchids
have life history stages that depend fully or partially on fungi for carbon and other essential …

Orchid distribution and population dynamics are influenced by a variety of ecological factors
and the formation of holobionts, which play key roles in colonization and ecological …

Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed
germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition. An increasing number of studies …

Worldwide, thousands of orchid species are harvested from the wild. Widespread legal and
illegal unsustainable trade has contributed to the decline of many species. However, there is …

Terrestrial orchid life-cycles are complex and dependent on pollinators and mycorrhizal
associates. Worldwide, orchid populations are declining because of urbanization …

Geophytic plants synchronize growth and quiescence with the external environment to
survive and thrive under changing seasons. Together with seasonal growth adaptation …

Temporal turnover events in biotic interactions involving plants are rarely assessed,
although such changes might afford a considerable acclimation potential to the plant. This …

Autumn phenology is a crucial indicator for identifying the alpine grassland growing
season's end date on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), which intensely controls …

Plant development and the timing of developmental events (phenology) are tightly coupled
with plant fitness. A variety of internal and external factors determine the timing and fitness …