Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent
complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age …

Background Glaucoma is a group of chronically progressive disorders of the optic nerve. In
this article, we present the epidemiology of and risk factors for glaucoma, as well as the …

To examine the prevalence and incidence of diabetic eye disease (DED) among individuals
with diabetes in Europe, a systematic review to identify all published European prevalence …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a leading cause of modifiable vision loss
in older adults. Chronic oxidative injury and compromised antioxidant defenses represent …

Background Accurate retinal layer segmentation in optical coherence tomography (OCT)
images is crucial for quantitatively analyzing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and …

The risk of macular degeneration can be reduced through the consumption of antioxidant-
rich foods, supplements, and nutraceutical formulas. This review focuses on the …

Exosomes contain multiple bioactive molecules and maintain the connection between cells.
Recent advances in exosome-based therapeutics have witnessed unprecedented …

Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles with a diameter of 30 to 150 nm, are composed of a lipid
bilayer, protein, and genetic material. Exosomes are secreted by virtually all types of cells in …

Objective To compare surgical success, postoperative intraocular pressure and complication
rates between trabeculectomy and XEN gelstent surgery in a cohort of glaucoma patients in …

This study aims to provide estimates, trends and projections of vision loss burden in
Pakistan from 1990 to 2025. Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study …