It is important to evaluate risk of bias of the primary studies included in systematic reviews
and meta-analyses. Since tools pertinent to surveys are scarce, the goal of the current …

Validity is central to measurement in the social sciences, regardless of whether diagnostic
tests, survey questions, or the adequacy of interpretations of measurement outcomes are …

Continuing concerns have been raised about the burgeoning “Step 1 climate” overtaking
medical schools and causing significant distress for medical school students, faculty, and …

Construct: High-stakes assessments measure several constructs, such as knowledge,
competencies, and skills. In this case, validity evidence for test scores' uses and …

Objectives To evaluate discriminative validity of the Reasoning 4 Change (R4C) instrument
by investigating differences in clinical reasoning skills between first semester, final semester …

Children's development during early childhood affects their well-being and educational
success, but there are few reliable assessment instruments available. The aim of the study …

In the article the key changes which have occurred in conceptualization of validity are
considered. Validity is currently defined in term of the degree to which a proposed …

The power of positive attitudes toward science is that they influence science achievement by
reinforcing higher performance. Interestingly, there continue to be gender disparities in …

The utilization of tuberculosis (TB) health care services in a Nigerian state has not been
optimal. Many residents do not utilize available health care resources when they experience …

Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs when a head injury results in altered brain
function. There is substantial evidence that moderate to severe TBI is associated with …