Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

Detection and attribution (D&A) simulations were important components of CMIP5 and
underpinned the climate change detection and attribution assessments of the Fifth …

The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing
them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a …

This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights
changes with respect to CMIP5. The solar forcing is provided for radiative properties, namely …

We describe and evaluate historical simulations which use the third Hadley Centre Global
Environment Model in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 (HadGEM3‐GC3. 1) and which …

We describe the historical evolution of the conceptualization, formulation, quantification,
application, and utilization of “radiative forcing”(RF) of Earth's climate. Basic theories of …

Quasi-decadal variability in solar irradiance has been suggested to exert a substantial effect
on Earth's regional climate. In the North Atlantic sector, the 11-year solar signal has been …

Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of
variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of …

The Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-
wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar …

Severity of warming predicted by climate models depends on their Transient Climate
Response (TCR). Inter-model spread of TCR has persisted at~ 100% of its mean for …