Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In …

Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) represents the primary cause of death
associated with therapeutic and recreational opioid use. Within the United States, the rate of …

Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain
homeostasis, but breathing is also modified by behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid …

Key points In addition to reductions in respiratory rate, opioids also cause aspiration and
difficulty swallowing, indicating impairment of the upper airways. The Kölliker–Fuse (KF) …

Sleep health is an important factor across several physical and mental health disorders, and
a growing scientific consensus has identified sleep as a critical component of opioid use …

We discuss recent evidence which suggests that the principal central respiratory
chemoreceptors are located within the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and that RTN neurons …

Breathing's remarkable ability to adapt to changes in metabolic, environmental, and
behavioral demands stems from a complex integration of its rhythm-generating network …

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep and breathing disorder, in which, patients suffer from
cycles of atonia of airway dilator muscles during sleep, resulting in airway collapse, followed …

Overdoses caused by the opioid agonist fentanyl have increased exponentially in recent
years. Identifying mechanisms to counter progression to fatal respiratory apnea during …