BACKGROUND Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation, the reduction of atmospheric N2 to
ammonia, is important for maintaining the fertility of the oceans by providing biologically …

Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

Marine diazotrophs convert dinitrogen (N 2) gas into bioavailable nitrogen (N), supporting
life in the global ocean. In 2012, the first version of the global oceanic diazotroph database …

Biodiversity of phytoplankton is important for ecosystem stability and marine
biogeochemistry. However, the large-scale patterns of diversity are not well understood and …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

We report a new synthesis of best estimates of the inputs of fixed nitrogen to the world ocean
via atmospheric deposition and compare this to fluvial inputs and dinitrogen fixation. We …

Phytoplankton form the basis of the marine food web and are responsible for approximately
half of global carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation (∼ 50 Pg of carbon per year). Thus, these …

Nitrogen fixation is critical for the biological productivity of the ocean, but clear mechanistic
controls on this process remain elusive. Here, we investigate the abundance, activity, and …

Nitrogen (N) is a key element for life in the oceans. It controls primary productivity in many
parts of the global ocean, consequently playing a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric …

Iron is an essential nutrient that regulates productivity in~ 30% of the ocean. Compared with
deep (> 2000 meter) hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges that provide iron to the …