Biofilm formation and biofilm-induced biodeterioration of surfaces have deeply affected the
life of our community. Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a small …

For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …

Cyclic dinucleotides are an important class of signaling molecules that regulate a wide
variety of pathogenic responses in bacteria, but tools for monitoring their regulation in vivo …

Microbial biofilms are the cause of persistent infections associated with various medical
implants and distinct body sites such as the urinary tract, lungs, and wounds. Compared with …

Riboswitches are common gene regulatory units mostly found in bacteria that are capable of
altering gene expression in response to a small molecule. These structured RNA elements …

Riboswitches are mRNA elements capable of modulating gene expression in response to
specific binding by cellular metabolites. Riboswitches exert their function through the …

Major changes in bacterial physiology including biofilm and spore formation involve
signaling by the cyclic dinucleotides c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP. Recently, another second …

Bacteria utilize nucleotide-based second messengers to regulate a myriad of physiological
processes. Cyclic dinucleotides have emerged as central regulators of bacterial physiology …

Abstract c-di-GMP riboswitches are structured RNAs located in the 5′-untranslated regions
(5′-UTRs) of mRNAs that regulate expression of downstream genes in response to …

The ability to precisely regulate gene expression is one of the most important features of the
living cells as it enables the adaptation and survival in different environmental conditions …