Highlights•CD73 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme affecting both tumor cells and immune
cells.•CD73 has been hijacked by TME to promote tumor growth and metastasis.•Targeting …

The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears considerable clinical promise.
Nevertheless, many patients remain unresponsive, acquire resistance, or suffer dose …

Tumor antigen heterogeneity, a severely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
(TME) and lymphopenia resulting in inadequate immune intratumoral trafficking, have …

Immune cells, as a consequence of their plasticity, can acquire altered phenotype/functions
within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Some of these aberrant functions include …

Background The anti-tumor immunity of natural killer (NK) cells can be paralyzed by the
CD73-induced generation of immunosuppressive adenosine from precursor ATP within the …

The liver is a complex organ with critical physiological functions including metabolism,
glucose storage, and drug detoxification. Its unique immune profile with large numbers of …

The immune system and the nervous system are highly complex organs composed of
various different cells that must interact with each other for proper function of the system …

NK cell infiltration into solid tumors is often low and is largely represented by the poorly-
cytotoxic CD56bright subset. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CD73 …

Breast cancer (BC) is the main cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally.
Despite substantial advances in the identification and management of primary tumors …

Adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite, is produced by adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) released from dying or stressed cells and is found at high levels in the tumor …