To coordinate, adapt and respond to biological signals, cells convey specific messages to
other cells. An important aspect of cell–cell communication involves secretion of molecules …

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanoparticles (NPs) is rapidly expanding
because recent discoveries have revealed a much greater complexity and diversity than was …

Intercellular communication is a key feature of cancer progression and metastasis.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by all cells, including cancer cells, and recent …

Autophagy is a quality-control, metabolic, and innate immunity process. Normative
autophagy affects many cell types, including hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic …

Summary β-Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped RNA viruses that
includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much is …

Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically
susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and …

Autophagy is a powerful tool that host cells use to defend against viral infection. Double-
membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, deliver trapped viral cargo to the lysosome …

Beyond the consolidated role in degrading and recycling cellular waste, the autophagic-and
endo-lysosomal systems play a crucial role in extracellular release pathways. Lysosomal …

Viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, exploit cellular pathways and resources in a
variety of fascinating ways. A striking example of this is the remodelling of intracellular …

Cells from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, produce extracellular
vesicles (EVs) which are sometimes associated with filamentous structures known as …