Abstract Purpose of Review Low back pain encompasses three distinct sources: axial
lumbosacral, radicular, and referred pain. Annually, the prevalence of low back pain in the …

Purpose. Developed by Manniche et al in 1985, the LBPRS is constructed to measure the 3
clinical illness components of low back pain: pain (back and leg), disability, and physical …

Injuries can counter the beneficial aspects related to sports activities if an athlete is unable to
continue to participate because of residual effects of injury. We provide an updated …

Background and purpose—Outcome measurement has been shown to improve
performance in several fields of healthcare. This understanding has driven a growing …

Purpose To study the various pain assessment tools based on their psychometric properties
and ease of use. Methods Published articles on psychometric properties of pain tools were …

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects nearly 20–25% of the population older than 65 years,
and it is currently the main cause of disability both in the developed and developing …

Abstract Purpose of Review Discogenic low back pain (DLBP) stems from pathology in one
or more intervertebral discs identified as the root cause of the pain. It is the most common …

Tissue engineering techniques using novel scaffold materials offer potential alternatives for
managing tendon disorders. Tissue engineering strategies to improve tendon repair healing …

The pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears is multifactorial. Tendon abnormalities of the rotator
cuff include alteration of collagen fiber structure, tenocytes, cellularity, and vascularity …

Sport participation confers many varied benefits in children and adolescents, such as self-
esteem, confidence, team play, fitness, agility and strength. Nevertheless, the age of …