Under appropriate in vivo or in vitro conditions, certain somatic plant cells have the
capability to initiate embryogenic development (somatic embryogenesis). Somatic …

The term apomixis encompasses a suite of processes whereby seeds form asexually in
plants. In contrast to sexual reproduction, seedlings arising from apomixis retain the …

Upon gamete fusion, animal egg cells secrete proteases from cortical granules to establish a
fertilization envelope as a block to polyspermy,,–. Fertilization in flowering plants is more …

▪ Abstract The calcium ion is firmly established as a ubiquitous intracellular second
messenger in plants. At their simplest, Ca2+-based signaling systems are composed of a …

▪ Abstract In flowering plants, pollen grains germinate to form pollen tubes that transport
male gametes (sperm cells) to the egg cell in the embryo sac during sexual reproduction …

Considerable advances have been made, both in the technologies available to study
changes in intracellular cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+] i), and in our understanding of Ca2+ …

Cell–cell communication and interaction is critical during fertilization and triggers free
cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+] cyto) as a key signal for egg activation and a polyspermy block in …

A centrally important factor in initiating egg activation at fertilization is a rise in free Ca2+ in
the egg cytosol. In echinoderm, ascidian, and vertebrate eggs, the Ca2+ rise occurs as a …

Seed is one of the key factors of crop productivity. Therefore, a comprehension of the
mechanisms underlying seed formation in cultivated plants is crucial for the quantitative and …

Fertilization of flowering plants requires the organization of complex tasks, many of which
become integrated by the female gametophyte (FG). The FG is a few-celled haploid structure …